OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals Training

Intended Audience

This course has been designed as a general introduction to OT cybersecurity, and it is, therefore, suitable for a broad audience. It will benefit everyone: from management requiring a high-level overview of the complexities of this challenging domain to seasoned control system engineers and IT & OT security personnel.

Required Skills & Expertise

Basic understanding of common computing & networking technologies and fundamental security principles and concepts (CIA triad, access control, firewalls, etc.) is recommended.

Program

The program is divided into four modules, which are given in a two-day course. Each module consists of a theoretical part, real-world examples, and practical illustrations. After completing the course, each participant is rewarded with a certificate.

Day 1

Module 1: Introduction to ICS

• The program starts with a walkthrough of ICS fundamentals: Basic terminology, Industrial processes, control theory, and plant organization basics.
• The differences between IT and OT are highlighted, focusing on potential cyber impact in the OT environment.
• Participants will be shown how a simple control loop operates in a lab setting and learn the history of ICS security

Module 2: ICS Components and architecture

• In this module, we will dive into the Purdue model and all the components that can be found in typical ICS networks. From instruments to PLCs and from safety controllers to historians, all devices are discussed in detail, including their common cyber weaknesses.
• Next, we will explore how all these components form a system by discussing network components, industrial protocols, network architectures, and of course, their weaknesses.
• This discussion will be richly illustrated by examples and lab demonstrations of vulnerabilities affecting widely deployed ICS equipment using our “OT Box”.
• This is a demo environment consisting of current ICS equipment which accurately represents the workings of an actual ICS control loop.

Day 2

Module 3: ICS threat landscape, Cyber-Physical Attacks & Attack Surface

After a brief recap of the first day, we will delve into the ICS threat landscape and take a look at attacker motives and capability and impact factors in assessing the cyber risk properly.

Whether the concern is targeted industrial espionage or destructive cyber-physical attacks, we will walk attendees through the complexities of attacker activities.

This entails process comprehension and damage scenario design in order to properly analyze the potential cyber-physical impact and the required attacker capabilities.

Finally, we will explore the vast attack surface of industrial control systems:

• Breaching perimeters to lateral movement and pivoting across network segments in order to impact the process through the exploitation of industrial protocol insecurities
• Compromising workstations, databases, controllers, and field devices.

During interactive discussions, we will discuss how bad these typical OT security issues are in practice and how we could mitigate these issues.

Module 4: Security Standards, Threat Modelling & Real-World Case Studies

• First, attendees will learn how to navigate standards like IEC 62443 and how to integrate the perspectives and knowledge gained during this course into applying effective security controls and risk management strategies.
  
  Next, we introduce threat modeling as a technique to learn to look at an ICS environment through the eyes of an attacker. Because when you want to defend against attackers, you’ll have to think like them.
• The same OT Box we hacked in module 2 is used during an interactive threat modeling session to collectively find all possible attack vectors.
  
  Finally, the content of the entire course will be correlated with real-world case studies, such as the Stuxnet and TRITON attacks, and we will discuss the lessons learned from these well-known incidents.